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Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsive behaviors. ADHD is one of the most common childhood psychiatric disorders.
Children with ADHD also have many comorbid disorders and psychiatric symptoms. ADHD may be accompanied with neurological disorders such as epilepsy, headache, and cerebral palsy. Neurological co-morbid conditions can lead to reduction in the level of function, adherence to treatment difficulty, increasing the price of healthcare and medical complications. Therefore, diagnosis and treatment of these neurological co-morbid problems with ADHD are important.
ADHD is seen more commonly in children with epilepsy according to the normal population. Approximately 20% of children diagnosed with epilepsy have ADHD as well. Some antiepileptic drugs are known to cause lethargy and impairment of attention. Barbiturates and benzodiazepines may worsen the symptoms of ADHD. It has been reported that some drugs such as tiagabin, zonisamide, and topiramate can cause cognitive slowing and concentration problems. Psychostimulants are frequently used in the treatment of ADHD. It has been reported that these medications do not severely effect epileptic seizures and may improve cognitive functions.
In this presentation treatment approaches for children and adolescents with ADHD and co-morbid neurological disorders will be discussed.