Specific phobia is much more common than most people imagine perhaps because the person with a specific phobia disorder may feel embarrassed about it and hide it from others. Research has shown that at least one in ten persons had a specific phobia disorder. For example, a recent study by Zimmerman et al found that the lifetime rate of specific phobia was 11.8% in psychiatric patients. These results are consistent with lifetime prevalence of 12.5% for specific phobia obtained in an older but much larger sample. And according to this same study, specific phobia ranked as the third most prevalent psychiatric disorder being outranked only by major depression at 16.6% and alcohol abuse at 13.2%. Although specific phobia is a chronic illness and animal extinction studies suggest that relapse was a common phenomenon, little is known about long-term outcome. Specific phobia is a type of disorder in which, the affected individual displays a marked and enduring fear of specific situations or objects. Individuals with specific phobias experience extreme fear as soon as they encounter a defined situation or object, a phobic stimulus. The specific phobia triggers a lot of distress or significantly impairs an affected individual. The case is a 22-year-old female, single and under grad. She is living with a roommate in a different city separated from his family. Since childhood the patient is afraid of cockroaches. She cannot stay in places outside her home for a long time continuously apply insecticide the places she lives in fear of being faced with cockroaches available. Because of the fear of cockroaches the patient has kept a cat at home. The patient was admitted to our outpatient clinic one month ago. She said she saw a cockroach in the bathroom, locked bathroom, stood on a chair for a night,the lights have been constantly on in the house. After this incident the patient’s school attendance and academic success decreased. In our study with a diagnosis of specific phobia of ‘cockroach phobia’ treated with patient is presented in the light of the literature examining in the framework of the history of disease. Animal phobias are among the most common and persistent of all phobias. At the beginning of the most feared animals: cats, dogs, birds, insects, animals such as ‘cockroach phobia’ is very old known animal phobia. But, cockroach phobia etiology, clinical features, course, and treatment is limited.